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1 to 10 of 11 Results
Sep 6, 2022 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Copper Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/GI7D06, IISH Data Collection, V2, UNF:6:IAgwirjQF1qJy58a0lGwzA== [fileUNF]
Copper is usually found in nature in association with sulfur. Pure copper metal is generally produced from a multistage process, beginning with the mining and concentrating of low-grade ores containing copper sulfide minerals, and followed by smelting and electrolytic refining to...
Dec 14, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Zinc Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/EXA3CI, IISH Data Collection, V1
Total Zinc Mine production, in metric tons
Dec 14, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Tungsten Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/RV5NJG, IISH Data Collection, V1
Tungsten (W) is a metal with a wide range of uses, the largest of which is as tungsten carbide in cemented carbides. Cemented carbides (also called hardmetals) are wear-resistant materials used by the metalworking, mining, and construction industries. Tungsten metal wires, electr...
Dec 14, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Tin Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/WOTROV, IISH Data Collection, V1
Tin is one of the earliest metals known and used. Because of its hardening effect on copper, tin was used in bronze implements as early as 3,500 B.C., although the pure metal was not used until about 600 B.C. About 35 countries mine tin throughout the world. Nearly every continen...
Dec 14, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Silver Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/OX6FCP, IISH Data Collection, V1
Silver has been used for thousands of years as ornaments and utensils, for trade, and as the basis for many monetary systems. Of all the metals, pure silver has the whitest color, the highest optical reflectivity, and the highest thermal and electrical conductivity. Also, silver...
Dec 14, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Nickel Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/ZGRJQY, IISH Data Collection, V1
Nickel (Ni) is a transition element that exhibits a mixture of ferrous and nonferrous metal properties. It is both siderophile (i.e., associates with iron) and chalcophile (i.e., associates with sulfur). The bulk of the nickel mined comes from two types of ore deposits: - laterit...
Dec 14, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Manganese Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/RA3SLU, IISH Data Collection, V1
Manganese (Mn) is essential to iron and steel production by virtue of its sulfur-fixing, deoxidizing, and alloying properties. (..) Products for construction, machinery, and transportation are leading end uses of manganese. Manganese also is a key component of certain widely used...
Dec 14, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Lead Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/LKWIXZ, IISH Data Collection, V1
Lead is a very corrosion-resistant, dense, ductile, and malleable blue-gray metal that has been used for at least 5,000 years. Early uses of lead included building materials, pigments for glazing ceramics, and pipes for transporting water. The castles and cathedrals of Europe con...
Dec 13, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Iron Ore Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/2KHSYM, IISH Data Collection, V1
Iron is the world's most commonly used metal - steel, of which iron ore is the key ingredient, representing almost 95% of all metal used per year. It is used primarily in structural engineering applications and in maritime purposes, automobiles, and general industrial application...
Dec 13, 2015 - Clio Infra
Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Fink-Jensen, Jonathan, 2015, "Gold Production", https://hdl.handle.net/10622/MRQ2XJ, IISH Data Collection, V1
Gold has been treasured since ancient times for its beauty and permanence. Most of the gold that is fabricated today goes into the manufacture of jewelry. However, because of its superior electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion and other desirable combinations of phys...
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